Visualization Analysis of Henoch-schonlein Purpura Treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Citespace / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To finding the main research contents, research frontier, author and institutional cooperation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for treating henoch-schonlein purpura(HSP). Providing reference for the research and development of TCM for treating the disease. Method::Using Citespace to analyze 2 878 TCM articles related to HSP retrieved from CNKI, cluster analysis and burst analysis of literature keywords, co-occurring authors and institutional cooperation analysis. Result::Since 1995, the number of related literature was growing rapidly and had been stable at more than 100 per year after 2005.Cluster analysis showed 32 clusters, consisting of 396 nodes and 638 lines. The main clustering results include Children with allergic purpura, blood-activating and stasis-resolving drug, Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, blood-cooling drugs, clinical observation, etc. Break analysis yielded 52 emergent words. It can be seen that TCM treatment of HSP is mainly based on cooling blood, followed by activating blood to eliminate stagnation and clearing heat. Commonly used drugs are Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, and Rehmanniae Radix, etc. Clinically, it pays more attention to the experience of famous doctors, research on Children with allergic purpura, etc.The author's cooperation network has obtained the maps of the three main cooperation teams with DING Ying, SUN Yi-qiu and HE Ping as the core. The Density of institutional cooperation network is 0.007 1. Conclusion::The main research contents of TCM for treating HSP include Children with allergic purpura, blood-activating and stasis-resolving drug, HSP nephritis, blood-cooling drugs, clinical observation, etc. Children with allergic purpura, experience from famous doctor, HSP nephritis and clinical efficacy is the foremost current research hotspot. A number of research teams have been formed that are relatively stable, but the institutional cooperation is scattered.

Development of rapid setting-drying device for herbarium specimens and its application in survey of Chinese materia medica resources in Anhui / 中国中药杂志

Herbarium specimens are the basis for the plant classification and indispensable media in teaching, scientific research and resources investigation. They have also played an important role in identifying and producing traditional Chinese medicine. High-quality herbarium specimens shall meet high requirements for integrity, smoothness, color and fabricating efficiency. Therefore, we designed a rapid setting and drying device for herbarium specimens, which could make the herbarium specimens smooth, colorful and not easy to mildew. In this paper, we pointed out the deficiency of traditional methods in making herbarium specimens, and introduced the structure and working principle of the device. Besides, we also discussed the effect of the device in setting and drying herbarium specimens and its application in the fourth national survey of the Chinese material medica resources (CMMR) in Anhui province. As a result, the device provides new ideas for producing herbarium specimens, with a reasonable design, good uniformity, high efficiency, safety and portability, and so is worthy of promotion and application in the national survey of CMMR.

Isolation, identification and genetic analysis of a murine norovirus strain / 病毒学报

Murine norovirus (MNV) was first discovered in mice in 2003. MNV is a member of the genus Norovirus in the family Caliciviridae. It is one of the most important and prevalent pathogens of laboratory mice, and almost all mouse strains are susceptible to MNV infection. In this study, a MNV strain was isolated from the cecal contents of infected mice and identified by the cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, virus plaque assay, 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay, electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and nucleotide sequencing. On infection, the RAW264.7 cell line showed obvious cytopathic effects within 24 to 48 hours post-inoculation, as infected cells became rounded, bright and shrunken, with ultimate disintegration of the cell sheet. After the isolation of the MNV virus, the virus was plaque-purified in RAW264.7 cells. The TCID50 of the virus was 10(5.25/0.1 mL. Electron microscopic observations of the purified virus showed the presence of spherical and non-enveloped viral particles that were 30 to 35 nm in diameter. According to the identification results, the isolate was named as MNV Guangzhou/K162/09/CHN. Thereafter, five overlapping gene fragments that covered the entire open reading frame (ORF) were amplified by RT-PCR, and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) and 5'-UTR were amplified using the 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and the 5'-RACE method, respectively. Each of the gene fragments were cloned and sequenced, and whole genome sequences of the strain were obtained by assembling the cDNA fragment sequences. The results showed that the length of the complete genome was 7 380 nucleotides (GenBank accession number: HQ317203). The comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the isolate was performed against other MNV strains in the GenBank database. A phylogenetic tree based on VP1 nucleotide sequences was constructed using MEGA5.0 software. The homology of nucleotides between the MNV Guangzhou/K162/09/CHN strain and other MNV isolates ranged from 87.4% to 89.7%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there was a close genetic relationship between the Guangzhou/K162/09/CHN strain and MNV strains isolated from Japan (S7-P2 and S7-PP3 isolates), Korea (K4 isolate), and Germany (Berlin/04/06/DE and Berlin/05/06/DE isolates). This is the first report of the isolation and identification of MNV in China, and the first report of the genetic analysis of its complete genome.

Observation on Rhesus monkeys infected second time with H5N1 avian influenza virus / 病毒学报

Rhesus monkeys with high specific H5N1 antibody were inoculated the second time with H5N1 virus, the result of the second time H5N1 inoculation and the effect of first time H5N1 inoculation on second inoculation was evaluated. Monkeys of NO. 3, NO. 4, NO. 5 were inoculated with H5N1 allantoic fluid and NO. 6 with noninfectious allantoic fluid by intratracheal thyrocricoid puncture. Three months later, NO. 4, NO. 5, NO. 6 monkeys were infected with 7 ml TCID50 10(4.875) H5N1 allantoic fluid and NO. 3 monkey with 7 ml noninfectious allantoic fluid at the same time by the same method. Clinical symptoms were recorded and antibody response was detected by ELISA. NO. 3, NO. 4, NO. 6 monkeys were killed after 72 h post infection and NO. 5 monkey was killed after 7 days post infection. Pathologic changes of the infected monkeys' lung were examined by HE staining,immunohistochemistry and the virus in lung was detected by RT-PCR. Results showed that NO. 3, NO. 4, NO. 5 monkeys still retained high level of specific antibody, H5N1 virus only could be detected in NO. 6 monkey's lung by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR ,and the lung of NO. 6 monkey injured worst . It can be concluded that Rhesus monkeys inoculated with H5N1 avian influenza A virus at the first time could retain a high level of specific antibody in 90 days and the clinical symptom had almost recovered, the ability of Rhesus monkeys to resist second infection of H5N1 virus was enhanced notably at that moment.